|
Cotton production
technology
Recommended
Approved
Varieties
CORE ZONE
|
Early maturing |
Medium Late |
|
CLCV Resistant |
CLCV Tolerant |
CLCV Resistant |
CLCV Tolerant |
|
|
Karishma
|
FH-900
|
BH-36 |
|
CIM-443
|
NIAB-78
|
FVH-53
|
|
|
|
CIM-109
|
CIM-448 |
|
|
CIM-482 |
|
MNH-554 |
|
|
MNH-552 |
|
BH-118
|
|
|
|
|
CIM1100
|
|
NON-CORE ZONE
|
Early maturing |
Medium Late |
|
CLCV Resistant |
CLCV Tolerant |
CLCV Resistant |
DESI Varieties |
|
FH-901
|
Karishma
|
FH-900
|
Ravi |
|
CIM-443
|
|
FH-634
|
FDH-170 |
|
|
|
|
Rohi |
Land Preparation:
To obtain adequate plant stand
The land - free of
stubbles, clods and well pulverized.
Deep ploughing – In soil that restricts plant growth
Green manuring 25-35 days before planting.
Field properly leveled - for uniform application of irrigation
Single Rouni: Deeply ploughed or green manured fields
Double Rouni: Fallow fields or After wheat crop
Sowing methods
Flat
sowing with alternate furrows after first irrigation.
§
Bed furrow sowing
Plant population:
Flat Sowing
& Alternate Earthing-up:
25,000 to 30,000
plants/ Ac
Bed Furrow Sowing:
(Plant to plant
spacing-6 to 9 inches)
Seed Rate
|
GERMINATION
%AGE
|
DELINTED SEED (Kg/Ac)
|
|
75 & Above
|
8
|
|
60
|
10
|
|
50
|
12
|
Seed
treatment with suitable pesticide is recommended to provide control of sucking
pests during early crop growth.
Arrange 10% more seed for
replanting due to any unforeseen reason
Delinting:
|
Type of Acid
|
Quantity
|
|
Commercial Sulfuric Acid
|
1 liter for 10 Kg fuzzy
seed
|
Sowing Time:
A.
Pak-Upland
Cotton:
1.
Non-Core Area:
Faisalabad, T.T.
Singh, Month of May
Jhang, Sahiwal, Okara
Kasur, Pakpattan
Layyah, Bhakkar,
Mianwali Khushab
Mid April
(to avoid desiccating hot
windstorms)
2.
Core- Area:
Multan, Khanewal,
Vehari, Lodhran,
Bahawalnagar, Bahawalpur, May to
Mid June
D.G. Khan, Rajanpur,
Muzaffargarh, R.Y. Khan,
3.
Desi Cotton
Lahore Division 2nd
fortnight of April
Mianwali & Khushab
I
Irrigation
|
Varieties
|
1st Irrigation
(Days after sowing)
|
Subsequent Irrigation (Days)
|
Last Irrigation
|
|
FH-901, CIM-443, CIM-482, MNH552, NIAB-78
CIM-109, Karishma
|
30-40
|
15-21
|
Up to 30 September
|
|
FH-900, CIM-448, CIM-446, FVH-53, BH-36,
|
40-50
|
15-21
|
Up to 5 October
|
|
BH-118, MNH-554,
CIM-1100, FH-634,
|
50-60
|
15-21
|
Up to 5 October
|
Fertilizers:
Nitrogen:
|
|
Varieties
|
Dose
|
|
Varieties:
Medium
|
FH-900, CIM448, FVH-53,
MNH-554, BH-36, BH-118, CIM-1100, FH-634
|
34-46 Kg/ac
|
|
Early
|
FH-901, CIM-443, CIM446,
MNH-552, Karishma, CIM‑482, CIM‑109, NIAB-78,
|
46-69 Kg/ac
|
·
The
quantity of Nitrogen will depend upon the variety and soil test.
·
Nitrogen
should be applied 1/3 at sowing , 1/3 at 1st irrigation and 1/3 at
flowering.
·
Application
of Nitrogen fertilizers should be completed by 15th August
Phosphorus:
Phosphorus
|
All varieties
|
23 Kg/ acre at sowing
|
·
Phosphate
fertilizer need not to be applied to cotton crop if its full dose was applied to
wheat crop
Potash:
|
Potash
|
All varieties
|
25 Kg/ acre at sowing
|
·
Potash
should be applied after soil test.
·
Potash
fertilizer should be added at planting to soils showing less than 125 ppm
available K
Micronutrients:
·
Zinc and
Boron should be applied after soil test.
·
Zinc: 7 kg
ZnSO4 / acre at sowing time ( if level is < 1ppm)
·
Boron: 5.5
kg Borax / acre (if level is <0.6ppm)
Weed Control
- Weeding through
interculture should be preferred.
- If interculture fails to
control weeds, pre-emergence herbicides must be used at planting.
Efficient weed
control requires uniform application of weedicides with flat fan or flood jet
nozzle and proper incorporation.
PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY
ECONOMIC
THRESHOLD LEVELS OF DIFFERENT INSECTS PESTS
The ETLs worked out and recommended are as
under:-
|
INSECT PESTS
|
ECONOMIC THRESHOLD
LEVEL
|
|
Jassid
|
1 Adult or Nymph per
leaf.
|
|
Whitefly
|
Adults/Nymphs or both
5/leaf.
|
|
Thrips
|
8-10/ leaf.
|
|
Mite
|
Spray on visible damage.
|
|
Aphid
|
Spray on visible damage
on top terminals.
|
|
Spotted bollworm
|
3 larvae/ 25 plants
|
|
Pink bollworm
|
a)Before boll formation
presence or absence of insect pest on the basis of Rosette flower.
b)Infestation in bolls
should be determined by dissecting the susceptible bolls (14-28 days old,
which can easily be pressed between index fingure and thumb, 5% damage or
presence of larvae in boll.
|
Helicoverpa armigera
|
5 brown eggs or 3 larvae
or collectively both 5/25 plants.
|
|
Armyworm
|
Localized treatment where
found.
|
STRATEGY FOR
THE YEAR 2001
A harvest to harvest IPM strategy for cotton
crop for the year 2001 is proposed as under:-
BEFORE SOWING
OF COTTON
v
Plough up cotton fields residues to
destroy over-wintering/diapausing pupae of American bollworm soon after picking
but not later than end of January. No need of deep ploughing. Normal cultivation
is sufficient to the job..
v
Remove all weed hosts that encourage
the breeding of the pests through out the farm.
v
Graze goats before cutting of cotton
sticks (Pink bollworm hibernating pupae control).
v
Remove/pluck/trash and left over
bolls from the sticks before stacking them.
v
Cotton sticks should be stacked in
small bundles/heaps in the sun.
v
During May the heap may be turned
upside down to expose the lower portion to the sun.
v
Planting okra in cotton area should
be discouraged and okra crop kept for seed purpose should properly be protected.
v
Methamidophos and monocrotophos
should not be used on Spring crops, instead use IGRS, etc.
v
Generally recommended pesticides for
sucking pests of cotton should not be used on other crops.
v
Relay cropping must not be practised
in cotton.
v
Use of Trichgramma and other
biological control agents should be encouraged on Spring crops.
v
Install light traps for the
control/monitoring of lepidopterous insect pests.
v
Ensure complete cleanliness of
ginneries/cotton factories after ginning season is over, to minimize the hiding
population of pink bollworm in the left over seed in the cracks and crevices.
DURING
COTTON SEASON :
v
No planting of pre-season or very
late cotton.
v
Grow 2-3 recommended cotton
varieties with relatively shorter duration (early maturing) and with open
canopy.
v
Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous
fertilizer. It encourages insect attack. Complete fertilizer application by 15th
August.
v
Optimise the use of irrigation. Cut
of irrigation by 5 th October.
v
Control of sucking insect pests at
early stage of the crop through seed treatment.
v
Delay first spray as far as possible
for the conservation of beneficials but start spraying at ETL.
v
Use pheromone baited traps and
mating disruption technique (PB-Ropes for pink bollworm control).
v
Use of pheromone traps around
village near cotton heaps for pink bollworm control.
v
Pest scouting should be done twice a
week.
v
Spray at right stage of the pest and
at ETL.
v
Do not repeat the same chemical more
than twice a season, instead rotate different insecticide groups for spray..
v
Select only recommended pesticides
and use proper dose.
v
Use proper plant protection
machinery/techniques –(e.g. ULV for rainy season for American bollworm)
discourage the use of “jecto” for cotton plant protection.
v
Pyrethroids and their combinations
should not be used during early cotton season.
v
Weeds must be properly managed.
v
Encourage the sowing of bajra as
trap crop for attracting birds to predate upon insects, especially American
bollworm.
IMPORTANT
POINTS:
v
No pre-season planting of cotton.
v
Graze the cotton fields for left
over bolls before cutting of sticks.
v
Plough up cotton field immediately
after cutting of sticks latest by 31st January.
v
Avoid use of cotton pesticides on
Spring crops.
v
Delay first spray as far as possible
to conserve beneficials.
v
Treat seed before planting.
v
Avoid Methamidophos and
Monocrotophos in early cotton spraying.
|
